International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Nutrition Sciences Research & Review

A Review Study on Expert Systems with Applications to Medical and Optimization Problems

Manjusha Mishra — 2022-07-01

This paper discusses the fundamental ideas behind expert systems, a literature review, the purpose and system of an expert system, the characteristics and categories of an expert system, the architecture and components of an expert system, the development of an expert system, the tools for the development of an expert system, as well as the advantages and limitations of an expert system and a decision support system for decision makers.

A Critical Analysis of Narcotic Drug and Intoxicating Substance Crime

Onkar Singh Lamba — 2022-07-01

There is a surprising degree of consistency in the findings of different studies when it comes to the relationship between criminal crime and narcotic (mainly heroin) addiction, as was discovered in recent study that was carried out by independent investigators. The primary finding that emerges from the bulk of these investigations, which is also backed by the majority of the studies, is that narcotic addicts are responsible for a significant amount of criminal crime, most of which is directly tied to the need to acquire drugs. A significant amount of the criminal activity does not just entail the purchase or possession of illegal substances; rather, it also involves a variety of other illegal activities, including more severe offences. The findings of longitudinal studies, which show that the amount of crime committed during periods of active addiction significantly exceeds that committed during periods of nonaddiction, provide the most compelling evidence that there is a causal relationship between the use of narcotic drugs and criminal behaviour. Although addicts, under circumstances of extreme anonymity, have supplied information that allowed reliable estimations of criminal conduct, the vast majority of this criminal activity is not recorded. Through the use of this approach, it has been possible to distinguish between various types of addicts, particularly with respect to the quantities and types of illegal crimes in which they participate. The findings of this study suggest that although while addicts as a whole are responsible for a significant amount of criminal crime, they cannot be categorised into a single kind of person.

Genetic Determinants of Multiple Drug Resistance in Salmonella spp. Isolated from Poultry Meat and HIV Patients in Tamilnadu

Praveen Kant Pandey — 2022-07-01

In order to educate public policy on the appropriate use of antimicrobial drugs in animal and human treatment, it is vital to keep track of antimicrobial resistance among bacteria that have been isolated from both humans and animals. 200 Salmonella species were able to be isolated from clinical as well as animal samples. It was determined if any of the isolates exhibited antimicrobial action. Chicken meat isolates had the highest antimicrobial concentration of all of the other types. This study demonstrates that the plasmid profiles of the two different types of isolates are not comparable to one another. Observed on the findings as a whole, there was no evidence of a compatible relationship between the clinical and meat isolates. During the analysis of the isolates' antibacterial susceptibility, virulence gene, and plasmid profile, it was observed that there was no association between them. However, these data provide credence to the theory that antibiotic-resistant Salmonella infections in humans may be indirectly caused by human consuming chicken meat as one of the probable origins of these infections.